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Gloriana
Gloriana

Chapter XIX

Cover illustration for Gloriana
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.
In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.
In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.
In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.
Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gloriana

Chapter XIX

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.
Line 2
In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.
Line 3
In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.
Line 4
In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.
Line 5
Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Above preposition US /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.”

Canopy noun US /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

An overhead roof or structure, such as the high vaulted ceiling of an ancient library.

From this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.”

Rest noun US /rest/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.”

Vault noun US /vɔːlt/

a stone room, often below a church, used for burial

From this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

Virtue noun US /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading “The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

absolute

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

bodies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

brief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

canopynounUS /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

An overhead roof or structure, such as the high vaulted ceiling of an ancient library.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

characteristic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

chief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

class

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

cold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

comfort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

couch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

crime

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

dependents

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

died

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

displayed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

diversified

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

dwellings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

ease

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

enjoyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

few

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

flag-stones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

foodless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

gentry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

heaven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

helpless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

homeless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

hours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

imitated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

joy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

limited

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

London's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

middle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

mystic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

nicety

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

o'er

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

overcrowding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

pain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

pampered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

peace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

pleasure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

poverty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

restnounUS /rest/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

roar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

scenes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

soft

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

space

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

spread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

strange

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

stretch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

suffering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

sumptuous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

sumptuousness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the middle class, comfort if not absolute sumptuousness is displayed and enjoyed.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

traffic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

vaultnounUS /vɔːlt/

a stone room, often below a church, used for burial

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

warmth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

wealth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

wealthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sumptuous dwellings of the wealthy, the gentry stretch their pampered bodies on the soft couch of ease and warmth, imitated to a nicety by their dependents.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

wings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar of London’s traffic has died away, for a few brief hours, peace has spread her mystic wings o’er the city of wealth and poverty, pleasure and suffering, joy and pain, virtue and crime.

working

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the dwellings of the working class, overcrowding and limited space is the chief characteristic, while in the dwellings of the helpless, homeless, and foodless, the vault of heaven is their canopy, the cold flag-stones their couch of rest.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet above these scenes, so diversified and strange, peace for a few brief hours has spread her wings.