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Gloriana
Gloriana

Chapter VII

Cover illustration for Gloriana
Context Illustration Reading 1/50 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one.”
The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.
It is Derby Day.
The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.
It is a great day.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gloriana

Chapter VII

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one.”
Line 2
The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.
Line 3
It is Derby Day.
Line 4
The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.
Line 5
It is a great day.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Around preposition US /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading “The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.”

Either determiner US /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading “The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It is a great day.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading ““Ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one.””

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

air

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

alive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

bar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one.”

busy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

contribute

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

cranny

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

dark

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

Day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is Derby Day.

deafening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

Derby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is Derby Day.

downs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

echoes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

Epsom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

established

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

fro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It is a great day.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

hoarse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

hot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

hubbub

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

June

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

matter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

moving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

nook

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one.”

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

re-echoes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

reign

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

reverberates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

ring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

roaring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

run-in

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

sea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

space

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

straight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

surge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

swarm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

Ten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one, ten to one bar one.”

waving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

wide-stretching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The waving downs of Epsom are alive with people; they swarm over every cranny and nook of the wide-stretching space on either side of the straight run-in; they surge to and fro like a sea of dark, moving matter; they contribute to the busy air of life, that has established its reign on all around.

words

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ring is roaring itself hoarse over these words; the hubbub is deafening; it reverberates all around; it echoes and re-echoes through the hot June air.