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Germinal
Germinal

Chapter XXXI

Cover illustration for Germinal
Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.
This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.
The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.
No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.
It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Germinal

Chapter XXXI

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.
Line 2
This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.
Line 3
The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.
Line 4
No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.
Line 5
It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.”

Beneath preposition US /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading “The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.”

Dead noun US /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.”

Disappeared noun US /ˈdisappeared/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.”

Morning noun US /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.”

Nothing pronoun US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading “It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.”

Though conjunction US /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.

black

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

ceased

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

chimneys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

coal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

cold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

deadnounUS /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

Deux-Cent-Quarante

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

disappearednounUS /ˈdisappeared/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.

dust

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

falling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

frost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

frozen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

immense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

inky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

intense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.

layer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

melt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

morningnounUS /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

plain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

powdered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

quarry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

roads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

settlement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.

sheet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

shroud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

single

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

slabs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

smoke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

Snow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

stones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

street

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

stretching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

thick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The Deux-Cent-Quarante settlement lay beneath the snow as though it had disappeared.

tiles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No smoke came out of the chimneys; the houses, without fire and as cold as the stones in the street, did not melt the thick layer on the tiles.

trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow had been falling for two days; since the morning it had ceased, and an intense frost had frozen the immense sheet.

village

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

vision

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.

walls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

white

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

whiteness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading This black country, with its inky roads and walls and trees powdered with coal dust, was now white, a single whiteness stretching out without end.

wound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing more than a quarry of white slabs in the white plain, a vision of a dead village wound in its shroud.