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Foes
Foes

Chapter XX

Cover illustration for Foes
Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.
Victory was with the old line, the magnificent attempt!
The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.
It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.
And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Foes

Chapter XX

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.
Line 2
Victory was with the old line, the magnificent attempt!
Line 3
The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.
Line 4
It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.
Line 5
And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Began noun US /began/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.”

Done noun US /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.”

Good noun US /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.”

Step noun US /step/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.”

Toward preposition US /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading “The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

advisers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

army

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

attempt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Victory was with the old line, the magnificent attempt!

back

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

bearing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

begannounUS /began/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

calling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

carried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

Charles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

civic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

confident

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

Cope

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

donenounUS /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

doubting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

Edinburgh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

Edward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

enthusiasm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

erstwhile

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

exultant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

fled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

forth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

George

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

goodnounUS /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

Holyrood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

hue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

judicious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

King

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Victory was with the old line, the magnificent attempt!

magnificent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Victory was with the old line, the magnificent attempt!

measures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

mount

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Victory was with the old line, the magnificent attempt!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

public

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

put

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

quicker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

regular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

royal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

sanguine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

Scotland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

series

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

show

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

stage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

stepnounUS /step/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

Stewart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

throng

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading The erstwhile doubting throng began, stage by stage, to mount toward enthusiasm.

triumphant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

troops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And, now that Cope had fled, King George had in Scotland no regular troops.

Victory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Victory was with the old line, the magnificent attempt!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Victory was with the old line, the magnificent attempt!

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.

wisest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the quicker done that Charles Edward, or his wisest advisers, put forth a series of judicious civic and public measures.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A triumphant Stewart went back to Holyrood, an exultant army, calling itself, now with some good show of bearing it through, the "royal" army, carried into Edinburgh its confident step and sanguine hue.