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Far from the Madding Crowd
Far from the Madding Crowd

Chapter XXXII · The Gurgoyle: Its Doings

The Gurgoyle: Its Doings, section 1: The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet. Of these eight carved protube
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.
Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.
One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.
It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.
Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Far from the Madding Crowd

Chapter XXXII · The Gurgoyle: Its Doings

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.
Line 2
Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.
Line 3
One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.
Line 4
It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.
Line 5
Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Art auxiliary verb US /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading “It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.”

Broken noun US /broken/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.”

Continued noun US /ˈcontinued/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.”

Gaping adjective US /ˈɡeɪpɪŋ/

wide open

From this reading “One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.”

Hand noun US /hand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.”

Open verb US /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading “One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.”

Sometimes noun US /sometimes/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.”

Within preposition US /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading “Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

active

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

argued

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

art-period

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

boldest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

brain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

brokennounUS /broken/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

bygone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

carved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

cathedral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

certainly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

choked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

Church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

churches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

churchwardens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

closed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

conceive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

consequence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

continuednounUS /ˈcontinued/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

correlatives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

criterion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

cut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

date

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

design

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

disputing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

distinct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

early

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

eight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

erection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

exceptionally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

faces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

fourteenth-century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

front

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

gapingadjectiveUS /ˈɡeɪpɪŋ/

wide open

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

Gothic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

grotesque

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

gurgoyles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

instance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

lead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

master-spirits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

matter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

mouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

mouths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

necessary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

original

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

ornamental

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

parapet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

parish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

power

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

prominent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

proposition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

protuberances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

purpose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

roof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

serve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

shape

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

sometimes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

somewhat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

spouting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

square

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

stone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

superfluous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

tower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

truer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

use

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent—of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most original design that a human brain could conceive.

vitality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given art-period than the power of the master-spirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no disputing the proposition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

water

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

Weatherbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenth-century date, having two stone gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet.

well-being

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time continued to serve the purpose of their erection—that of spouting the water from the lead roof within.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken away and choked—a matter not of much consequence to the well-being of the tower, for the two mouths which still remained open and active were gaping enough to do all the work.