Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Edinburgh: Picturesque Notes
Edinburgh: Picturesque Notes

Chapter III · The Parliament Close

Cover illustration for Edinburgh: Picturesque Notes
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.
The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.
As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.
It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.
[Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Edinburgh: Picturesque Notes

Chapter III · The Parliament Close

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.
Line 2
The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.
Line 3
As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.
Line 4
It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.
Line 5
[Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Along preposition US /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading “It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.”

Appearance noun US /ˈappearance/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.”

Around preposition US /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading “Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.”

Between preposition US /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading “[Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.”

Either determiner US /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading “It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.”

Forgotten adjective US /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading “As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.”

Free adjective US /friː/

acting without enough restraint or discipline

From this reading “It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.”

Here noun US /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.”

Magistrates plural noun US /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

civil officers who administer local law

From this reading “The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.”

Open verb US /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading “It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.”

Passage noun US /ˈpassage/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “[Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.”

Poor noun US /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.”

Subterranean adjective US /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

From this reading “[Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

appearancenounUS /ˈappearance/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

architect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

bold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

bustling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

buttresses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

Castle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

changes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

Church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

design

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

explore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

fair-way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

former

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

freeadjectiveUS /friː/

acting without enough restraint or discipline

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

Giles's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

gives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

herenounUS /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

High

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

Highland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

Holyrood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

knocked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

Krames

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

lands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

magistratesplural nounUS /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

civil officers who administer local law

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

main

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

manhood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

misguided

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

naked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

neighbourhood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

New

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

north

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

notably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

outlook

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

overbuilding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

overbuilt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

passagenounUS /ˈpassage/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

Picture

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

piper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

pitifully

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

poornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

porthole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

precincts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

pretentious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

quaint

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

romantic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

rooted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

shelter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

shop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

shorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

silly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

space

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

spire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

story

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

Street

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

subterraneanadjectiveUS /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

sunless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

TimenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

unrecognisable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

volunteered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As St. Giles’s must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance now forgotten, so the neighbourhood was bustling, sunless, and romantic.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

windings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Picture: The Spire of St. Giles’s] There is a silly story of a subterranean passage between the Castle and Holyrood, and a bold Highland piper who volunteered to explore its windings.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was here that the town was most overbuilt; but the overbuilding has been all rooted out, and not only a free fair-way left along the High Street with an open space on either side of the church, but a great porthole, knocked in the main line of the _lands_, gives an outlook to the north and the New Town.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.

wrought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time has wrought its changes most notably around the precincts of St. Giles’s Church.

zealous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church itself, if it were not for the spire, would be unrecognisable; the _Krames_ are all gone, not a shop is left to shelter in its buttresses; and zealous magistrates and a misguided architect have shorn the design of manhood, and left it poor, naked, and pitifully pretentious.