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The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14, section 1: The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice. But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.
But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.
On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.
_Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.
If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

Chapter XIV

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.
Line 2
But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.
Line 3
On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.
Line 4
_Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.
Line 5
If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Art auxiliary verb US /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.”

Least noun US /least/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

18

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

aged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

architects

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

assumed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

Augustus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

beautiful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

blind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

cathedrals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

caused

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

centuries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

Charlemagne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

de

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

degradations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

destruction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

difficult

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

diverse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

doubt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

edacior

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

edax

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

edifice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

especially

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

examine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

face

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

finds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

glad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

growing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

homo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

imprinted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

indignant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

individuals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

laid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

leastnounUS /least/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

leisure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

majestic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

monument

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

mutilations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

Notre-Dame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

numberless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

Philip

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From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

preserved

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From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

queen

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From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

reader

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From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

respect

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From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

scar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

share

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From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

sigh

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From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

stone

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From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

stupid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

sublime

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

suffer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

Tempus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt, a majestic and sublime edifice.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.

thus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

time's

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From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

title

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

traces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

translate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Tempus edax, homo edacior_[18]; which I should be glad to translate thus: time is blind, man is stupid.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

venerable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

wax

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old, it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant, before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone, or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If we had leisure to examine with the reader, one by one, the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church, time’s share would be the least, the share of men the most, especially _the men of art_, since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

wrinkle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals, by the side of a wrinkle, one always finds a scar.