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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CCCXXVI

Chapter 326, section 1: The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary. In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed. Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.
In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.
Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.
Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.
It was tolerably stupid for a long time.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CCCXXVI

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.
Line 2
In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.
Line 3
Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.
Line 4
Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.
Line 5
It was tolerably stupid for a long time.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Ancient adjective US /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading “Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was tolerably stupid for a long time.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was tolerably stupid for a long time.”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

abandoned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

Ages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

ago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

attempted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

attests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

best

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

bore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

cesspool

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

delivered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.

fact

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

failed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

fared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was tolerably stupid for a long time.

gropings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.

Henri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

hundred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

II

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

indecision

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

legendary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was tolerably stupid for a long time.

Mercier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

Middle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

quarrels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.

sewer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

sixteenth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

stupid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was tolerably stupid for a long time.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was tolerably stupid for a long time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

tolerably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was tolerably stupid for a long time.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sewer of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not a hundred years ago, the cesspool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.