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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31, section 1: It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago. The suburbs of Paris are no longer the sa
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.
The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.
The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.
The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.
The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm, bright, summer day.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter XXXI

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.
Line 2
The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.
Line 3
The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.
Line 4
The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.
Line 5
The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm, bright, summer day.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

hard adjective US /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading “It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.”

Collocations
It isA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
is hardA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
All words in this reading · 82

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1862

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

ago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

beginningnounUS /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm, bright, summer day.

bright

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm, bright, summer day.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

car

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

changed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

circumparisian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.

completely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

conscientiously

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

couples

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

cuckoo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm, bright, summer day.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

follies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.

forty-five

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

France

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.

Fécamp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

grisettes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

half-century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

longer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

nowadays

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

outskirts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

physiognomy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

picture

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

pleasure-trip

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

possible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

railway

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

Saint-Cloud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

self

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

speak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

spoke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

steamboat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

students

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

suburbs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

summer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm, bright, summer day.

tender-boat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

vacation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm, bright, summer day.

warm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm, bright, summer day.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of Fécamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Paris of 1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies possible at that time.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is hard nowadays to picture to one’s self what a pleasure-trip of students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago.