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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CXCVIII

Chapter 198, section 1: Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_. The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil. These works
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.
The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.
These works are superposed one upon the other.
There are superior mines and inferior mines.
There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CXCVIII

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.
Line 2
The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.
Line 3
These works are superposed one upon the other.
Line 4
There are superior mines and inferior mines.
Line 5
There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Beneath preposition US /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading “There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.”

Foot noun US /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.”

Good noun US /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “These works are superposed one upon the other.”

Sometimes noun US /sometimes/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These works are superposed one upon the other.”

Third noun US /third/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “These works are superposed one upon the other.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

bottom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

civilization

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

everywhere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

evil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

floor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

footnounUS /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

gives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

goodnounUS /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

heedlessness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

Human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

indifference

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

inferior

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

lower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

mines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

obscure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

parlance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

social

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

societies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

soil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

sometimes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

sub-soil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

superior

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

superposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

theatrical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are superior mines and inferior mines.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

thirdnounUS /third/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

top

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

trample

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

undermined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for good, sometimes for evil.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Human societies all have what is called in theatrical parlance, _a third lower floor_.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There is a top and a bottom in this obscure sub-soil, which sometimes gives way beneath civilization, and which our indifference and heedlessness trample under foot.

works

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These works are superposed one upon the other.