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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CLVII

Chapter 157, section 1: To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow. The gamin
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.
The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?
By light.
Light renders healthy.
Light kindles.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CLVII

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.
Line 2
The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?
Line 3
By light.
Line 4
Light renders healthy.
Line 5
Light kindles.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.”

Same noun US /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?”

All words in this reading · 46

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

brow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

cured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

disease

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

gamin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

grace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

græculus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

healthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Light renders healthy.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

infant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

kindles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Light kindles.

light

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By light.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

nation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

populace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

renders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Light renders healthy.

Rome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

sum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The gamin is a grace to the nation, and at the same time a disease; a disease which must be cured, how?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.

wrinkle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To sum it all up once more, the Paris gamin of to-day, like the _græculus_ of Rome in days gone by, is the infant populace with the wrinkle of the old world on his brow.