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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CLII

Chapter 152, section 1: The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him. _Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus. To roam thoughtfully about,
Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.
_Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus.
To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.
To study the suburbs is to study the amphibious animal.
End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CLII

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.
Line 2
_Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus.
Line 3
To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.
Line 4
To study the suburbs is to study the amphibious animal.
Line 5
End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.”

Beginning noun US /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.”

Fine noun US /fine/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.”

Hence adverb US /hens/

for this reason

From this reading “End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.”

Something pronoun US /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading “The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

also

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

amator

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus.

amphibious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To study the suburbs is to study the amphibious animal.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

animal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To study the suburbs is to study the amphibious animal.

beginningnounUS /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

campaign

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

certain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

cities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

composed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

divine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

employment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

End

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

extraordinary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

eyes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

finenounUS /fine/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

Flaccus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus.

furrows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

Fuscus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus.

gamin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

grass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

henceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

illegitimate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

interest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus.

lounge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

loves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

murmur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

natures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

notably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

odd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

particularly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

passions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

pavements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

philosopher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

rather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

roam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

roofs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

ruris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus.

sage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

shops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

solitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

species

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

study

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To study the suburbs is to study the amphibious animal.

suburbs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To study the suburbs is to study the amphibious animal.

surrounds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The gamin loves the city, he also loves solitude, since he has something of the sage in him.

thoughtfully

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

tolerably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

ugly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.

uproar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

Urbis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Urbis amator_, like Fuscus; _ruris amator_, like Flaccus.

wheel-ruts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris.