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Les Misérables
Les Misérables

Chapter CXXXVII

Chapter 137, section 1: History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius t
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.
But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.
Cenobitism is a human problem.
When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.
A convent is a contradiction.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables

Chapter CXXXVII

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.
Line 2
But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.
Line 3
Cenobitism is a human problem.
Line 4
When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.
Line 5
A convent is a contradiction.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

history noun US /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading “History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.”

Collocations
History andA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
and philosophyA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
All words in this reading · 76

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Cenobitism is a human problem.

aberration

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

abodes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

abuses

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From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

account

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

always

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From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

apart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

becomes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

Caiphas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

Cenobitism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cenobitism is a human problem.

clear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

combat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

contradiction

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From this reading A convent is a contradiction.

convent

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From this reading A convent is a contradiction.

convents

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From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

devotion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

direct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

Draco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

duties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

Emperor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

error

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

eternal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

evennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

good-will

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

High-priest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cenobitism is a human problem.

ignorance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

inconveniences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

innocence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

insists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

Lawgiver

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

Legislator

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

limpid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

martyrdom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

necessary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

obscurity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

offers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

problem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cenobitism is a human problem.

rightnounUS /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

simple

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

speaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

stated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

taken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

Tiberius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

torture

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

Trimalcion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid, and offers no obscurity.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account.

yes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When one speaks of convents, those abodes of error, but of innocence, of aberration but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.