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A Tale of Two Cities
A Tale of Two Cities

Book II · Chapter XXIII · Fire Rises

There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

Fire Rises, reading 1: There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the…
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.
The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.
Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.
Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.
Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Tale of Two Cities

Book II · Chapter XXIII · Fire Rises

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.
Line 2
The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.
Line 3
Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.
Line 4
Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.
Line 5
Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

everything pronoun US /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things or all the things in a particular situation

From this reading “Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.”

Collocations
There wasA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
was aA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
ignorant adjective US /ˈɪɡnərənt/

lacking knowledge or information about something

From this reading “There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.”

oppressed adjective US /əˈprest/

burdened, crushed, or kept down by hardship and unjust power

From this reading “Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

blade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

bodynounUS /body/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

bowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.

bread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

brokennounUS /broken/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

change

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.

crag

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

daily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

dejected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.

desolation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

dominant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

EverythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things or all the things in a particular situation

From this reading Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.

Far

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.

fell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

forth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

fountain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

grain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

grass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

green

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

guard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

hammer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

highway

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

hold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

lacking knowledge or information about something

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

knew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.

leaf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

mender

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

miserable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

morsels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

officers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

oppressedadjectiveUS /əˈprest/

burdened, crushed, or kept down by hardship and unjust power

From this reading Everything was bowed down, dejected, oppressed, and broken.

ordered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

patches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

poornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

prison

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

probably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

reduced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

roads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

ruined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.

serve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

shrivelled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every green leaf, every blade of grass and blade of grain, was as shrivelled and poor as the miserable people.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

soldiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

soul

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

stones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

together

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

village

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There was a change on the village where the fountain fell, and where the mender of roads went forth daily to hammer out of the stones on the highway such morsels of bread as might serve for patches to hold his poor ignorant soul and his poor reduced body together.

wide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.

yielding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far and wide lay a ruined country, yielding nothing but desolation.

yore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prison on the crag was not so dominant as of yore; there were soldiers to guard it, but not many; there were officers to guard the soldiers, but not one of them knew what his men would do--beyond this: that it would probably not be what he was ordered.