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Chapters from My Autobiography
Chapters from My Autobiography

Chapter XI

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is pathetic.
There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.
The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.
They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.
They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chapters from My Autobiography

Chapter XI

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is pathetic.
Line 2
There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.
Line 3
The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.
Line 4
They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.
Line 5
They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Behind preposition US /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading “They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.”

Never noun US /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.”

Nothing pronoun US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading “They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.”

Same noun US /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.”

Theirs pronoun US /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading “They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.”

Thing noun US /thing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

compared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

cost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

defect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.

duel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.

duellist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

duellists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.

duels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

ever-recurring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

families

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.

find

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is pathetic.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is pathetic.

leaves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

list

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

loss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.

misery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.

mourning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

nevernounUS /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

pathetic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is pathetic.

present

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

principals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

real

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.

representatives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

sham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

stake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

stakes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

suffering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

theirspronounUS /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The _real_ principals in any duel are not the duellists themselves, but their families.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are other duels in my list, but I find in each and all of them one and the same ever-recurring defect--the _principals_ are never present, but only their sham representatives.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They do the mourning, the suffering, theirs is the loss and theirs the misery.

thingnounUS /thing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

trivial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They stake all that, the duellist stakes nothing but his life, and that is a trivial thing compared with what his death must cost those whom he leaves behind him.