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Celebrated Travels and Travellers, Part 2.
Celebrated Travels and Travellers, Part 2.

Chapter VIII

Cover illustration for Celebrated Travels and Travellers, Part 2.
Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I. ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS.
Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.
Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.
They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.
If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Celebrated Travels and Travellers, Part 2.

Chapter VIII

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I. ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS.
Line 2
Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.
Line 3
Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.
Line 4
They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.
Line 5
If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.”

Chronicle noun US /ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl/

A detailed written record of historical events in order. (Sử ký, biên niên sử lịch sử.)

From this reading “Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.”

Shall modal verb US /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading “Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.”

Well noun US /well/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I. ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS.

arc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

ASTRONOMERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I. ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

basis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

CARTOGRAPHERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I. ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS.

cartography

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

Cassini

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

chroniclenounUS /ˈkrɑː.nɪ.kəl/

A detailed written record of historical events in order. (Sử ký, biên niên sử lịch sử.)

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

Condamine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

crowd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

D'Anville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

Delisle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

Earth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

eighteenth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

ensured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

enter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

Equator

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

established

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

expeditions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

France

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

G

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

geographers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

Hire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

hitherto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I. ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

immense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

La

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

Lapland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

Map

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

matter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

Maupertuis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

Meridian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

modified

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

navigation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

period

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

Picard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

prejudices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

progress

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

radically

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

recital

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

rectified

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

refer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

sciences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

security

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

Shape

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

solely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

solid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Cassini--Picard and La Hire--The arc of the Meridian and the Map of France--G. Delisle and D'Anville--The Shape of the Earth--Maupertuis in Lapland--Condamine at the Equator.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They rectified a crowd of prejudices and established a solid basis for the labours of astronomers and geographers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

unknown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If we refer them solely to the matter before us, they radically modified cartography, and ensured for navigation a security hitherto unknown.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before we enter upon a recital of the great expeditions of the eighteenth century, we shall do well to chronicle the immense progress made during that period by the sciences.