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Carmen
Carmen

Chapter IV

Cover illustration for Carmen
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.
Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.
There are a great many of them in Catalonia.
These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.
The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Carmen

Chapter IV

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.
Line 2
Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.
Line 3
There are a great many of them in Catalonia.
Line 4
These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.
Line 5
The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Found noun US /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There are a great many of them in Catalonia.”

Hither adverb US /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading “Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.”

Thither adverb US /ˈðɪθɜːr/

an old word meaning “to that place”

From this reading “Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There are a great many of them in Catalonia.

add

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

Andalusia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

Bohemians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

brass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

call

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

Catalonia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are a great many of them in Catalonia.

countries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

cross

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

doctors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

eastern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

Estramadura

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

Europe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

fairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

forth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

foundnounUS /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

France

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

frequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

generally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

Gipsies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

Gitanas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There are a great many of them in Catalonia.

greatest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

grooms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

hitheradverbUS /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

horse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

illicit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

kingdom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

known

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are a great many of them in Catalonia.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

mending

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

mention

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

Most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

mule-clippers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

Murcia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

nomads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

numbers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

practices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

provinces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

rather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

saucepans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

scattered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

seen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs.

smuggling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

southern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

Spain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There are a great many of them in Catalonia.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are a great many of them in Catalonia.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

thitheradverbUS /ˈðɪθɜːr/

an old word meaning “to that place”

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

trades

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

utensils

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices.

wander

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of these people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.

Ziegeuner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers.