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Backlog Studies
Backlog Studies

Chapter III

Cover illustration for Backlog Studies
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.
Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.
The dwelling-house is a modern institution.
It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.
Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Backlog Studies

Chapter III

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.
Line 2
Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.
Line 3
The dwelling-house is a modern institution.
Line 4
It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.
Line 5
Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.”

Never noun US /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.”

Nothing pronoun US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading “I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.”

Strength noun US /ˈstrength/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The dwelling-house is a modern institution.

age

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

aqueducts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

architecture

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

bridges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

brilliant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

cathedrals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

common

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

contracted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

curious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

delicacy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

domestic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

dwelling-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dwelling-house is a modern institution.

elevation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

Elizabeth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

fact

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

gloomy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

grew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

homes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

hovels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

improved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

institution

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dwelling-house is a modern institution.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The dwelling-house is a modern institution.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

letters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

lodged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

marvelous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

Men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

modern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dwelling-house is a modern institution.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

nevernounUS /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

palaces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

perfection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

progress

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

quarters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

richest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

saying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

slow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

social

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

strengthnounUS /ˈstrength/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

Temples

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

towers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Temples, palaces, bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, towers of marvelous delicacy and strength, grew to perfection while the common people lived in hovels, and the richest lodged in the most gloomy and contracted quarters.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

women

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a curious fact that it has only improved with the social elevation of women.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was saying that nothing had been so slow in its progress in the world as domestic architecture.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Men were never more brilliant in arms and letters than in the age of Elizabeth, and yet they had no homes.