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Anna St. Ives
Anna St. Ives

Chapter XXVIII

Cover illustration for Anna St. Ives
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.
And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?
What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?
Are they just?
He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Anna St. Ives

Chapter XXVIII

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.
Line 2
And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?
Line 3
What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?
Line 4
Are they just?
Line 5
He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.”

Mind noun US /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?”

Think noun US /think/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.”

Thought noun US /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Anna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Are they just?

arguments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Clifton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

exiled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Grosvenor-Street

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

happiness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

heart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

intent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Ives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

just

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Are they just?

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

London

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Louisa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

mindnounUS /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

oppressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

opprobrium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

persists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

promoting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

purpose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

rank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

refuted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

relationship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Are they just?

thinknounUS /think/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

thoughtnounUS /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

unchanged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

validity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

violence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

Wenbourne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

world's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?