Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
adeterminerUS /ə/
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/
later than; following
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/
touching and pressing; in opposition to
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
agreed
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From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
Albanian
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
Ali
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
all
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From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
alonenounUS /alone/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
andconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
Argyro-Castron
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
armed
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
army
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
asconjunctionUS /æz/
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
askednounUS /asked/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
begannounUS /began/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
besieged
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From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
beys
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
blockade
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/
the two together, not just one
From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
bravely
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From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
butconjunctionUS /bʌt/
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
byprepositionUS /baɪ/
showing who or what does the action
From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
capitulate
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
cattle
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
chiefs
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
common
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
consented
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
coveted
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
cry
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
decided
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From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
defended
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From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
families
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
famine
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From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
fate
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From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
food
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
formerly
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
freeadjectiveUS /friː/
acting without enough restraint or discipline
From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
fully
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
general
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
go
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/
the -ing form of “have”
From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
hepronounUS /hiː/
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
heads
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
hope
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From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
inflicted
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
inhabitants
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
intentions
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From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
intimidated
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
irrevocably
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From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
Janina
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
joined
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
Kardiki
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
knowing
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From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
Koran
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
Kormovo
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
led
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
longnounUS /long/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
men
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
mercy
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
misery
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
month's
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
mother
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
nodeterminerUS /noʊ/
not any; not one
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
obliged
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From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
onprepositionUS /ɑːn/
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/
To move from a closed position.
From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
outrage
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
parties
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
people
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
possession
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
principal
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
seventy-two
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
signed
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
sister
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
solemnlyadverbUS /ˈsɑləmli/
seriously and formally
From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
stand
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
streets
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
sworn
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
taking
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From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
thedeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
theirdeterminerUS /ðer/
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/
used when the people doing the action are also its object
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
theypronounUS /ðeɪ/
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
toparticleUS /tuː/
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
town
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
treaty
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From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
unable
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From this reading After a month's blockade, the common people, having no food for themselves or their cattle, began to cry for mercy in the open streets, and their chiefs, intimidated by the general misery and unable to stand alone, consented to capitulate.
unhappy
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Ali, whose intentions as to the fate of this unhappy town were irrevocably decided, agreed to all that they asked.
victorious
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/
Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.
From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading A treaty was signed by both parties, and solemnly sworn to on the Koran, in virtue of which seventy-two beys, heads of the principal Albanian families, were to go to Janina as free men, and fully armed.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
whosedeterminerUS /huːz/
belonging to which person
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
withprepositionUS /wɪð/
in the company of; together with
From this reading After taking possession of Argyro-Castron, which he had long coveted, Ali led his victorious army against the town of Kardiki, whose inhabitants had formerly joined with those of Kormovo in the outrage inflicted on his mother and sister.
yield
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The besieged, knowing they had no mercy to hope for, defended themselves bravely, but were obliged to yield to famine.
