Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
After Dark
After Dark

Chapter XVII

Cover illustration for After Dark
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.
She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.
Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.
The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.
She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

After Dark

Chapter XVII

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.
Line 2
She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.
Line 3
Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.
Line 4
The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.
Line 5
She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.”

Above preposition US /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.”

Ancient adjective US /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading “About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.”

Anything pronoun US /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading “Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.”

Disposition noun US /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

the way something is arranged or positioned

From this reading “She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.”

Foot noun US /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.”

Good noun US /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.”

Herself pronoun US /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading “About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.”

Never noun US /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.”

Tongue noun US /tongue/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

adopted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

adverse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

ago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

circumstances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

customers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

Demoiselle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

the way something is arranged or positioned

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

face

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

familiarity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

famous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

fashions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

footnounUS /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

fortitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

French

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

goodnounUS /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

Grifoni

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

hinted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

immensely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

inch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

inexhaustible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

Italian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

known

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

milliner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

mischievous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

money

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

nevernounUS /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

nimble

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

Pisa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

pressure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

quality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

quick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

raised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

rivals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

Rumor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

scandal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

suggested

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

talent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

title

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

tonguenounUS /tongue/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

trade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

uncertain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

undeniable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.

vindicating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The one undeniable good quality which raised Demoiselle Grifoni above all her rivals in the trade was her inexhaustible fortitude.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading About a century ago, there lived in the ancient city of Pisa a famous Italian milliner, who, by way of vindicating to all customers her familiarity with Paris fashions, adopted a French title, and called herself the Demoiselle Grifoni.

wizen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

woman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a wizen little woman with a mischievous face, a quick tongue, a nimble foot, a talent for business, and an uncertain disposition.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Rumor hinted that she was immensely rich, and scandal suggested that she would do anything for money.

yield

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was never known to yield an inch under any pressure of adverse circumstances.