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The Old Lion and the Fox
The Old Lion and the Fox

Chapter I · Act 01: The Discourse of The Old Lion and the Fox — The Origin & The Dilemma

Act 01: The Discourse of The Old Lion and the Fox — The Origin & The Dilemma, section 1: A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death. A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered in
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.
A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.
Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.
When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.
The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Old Lion and the Fox

Chapter I · Act 01: The Discourse of The Old Lion and the Fox — The Origin & The Dilemma

Reading 1/1 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.
Line 2
A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.
Line 3
Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.
Line 4
When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.
Line 5
The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.”

Disgrace noun US /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

shame caused by unacceptable behaviour

From this reading “The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.””

Double noun US /double/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.””

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.””

Let auxiliary verb US /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading “When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.”

Point noun US /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading “A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.”

Thee pronoun US /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading “The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.””

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.”

Worn verb US /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading “A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

afterwards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

Ass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

assailed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

avenged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

beast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

Boar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

brave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

brooked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

Bull

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

compelled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

die

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

disease

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

disgracenounUS /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

shame caused by unacceptable behaviour

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

double

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

drive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

endure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

enemy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

expiring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

forehead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

gored

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

heels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

horns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

huge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

impunity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

indeed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

injury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

insults

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

LION

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

long-remembered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

Nature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

powerless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

reluctantly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

rushed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

saw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

Shortly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

stroke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

treatment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The expiring Lion said, “I have reluctantly brooked the insults of the brave, but to be compelled to endure such treatment from thee, a disgrace to Nature, is indeed to die a double death.”

tusks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading A Boar rushed upon him, and avenged with a stroke of his tusks a long-remembered injury.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Shortly afterwards the Bull with his horns gored him as if he were an enemy.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the Ass saw that the huge beast could be assailed with impunity, he let drive at his forehead with his heels.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LION, worn out with years and powerless from disease, lay on the ground at the point of death.

Chapter Quiz

What is the central philosophical inquiry and narrative progression in 'Act 01: The Discourse of The Old Lion and the Fox — The Origin & The Dilemma'?

How does the prose style reflect classical academic excellence?

What primary language acquisition value does this text offer advanced English scholars?