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Actions and Reactions

Chapter I

Cover illustration for Actions and Reactions
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...
Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.
--THOMAS TUSSER.
It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.
The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Actions and Reactions

Chapter I

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...
Line 2
Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.
Line 3
--THOMAS TUSSER.
Line 4
It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.
Line 5
The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Above preposition US /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.”

Doth auxiliary verb US /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading “My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...”

Ere conjunction US /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading “My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...”

Folly noun US /ˈfɑːli/

an action or decision that shows a lack of good judgment

From this reading “My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...”

Hand noun US /hand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.”

Hath auxiliary verb US /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading “My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...”

Next noun US /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.”

Rest noun US /rest/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.”

Thee pronoun US /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading “My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...”

Tongue noun US /tongue/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.”

Whether conjunction US /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading “The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

acquaintance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

anchorages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

ankle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

blessed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

brain-surge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

cause

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

Combine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

crossed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

crumple

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

darkened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

digest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

doctors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

dothauxiliary verbUS /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

drive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

EreconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

Far

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

fires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

follynounUS /ˈfɑːli/

an action or decision that shows a lack of good judgment

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

friend

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

God

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

Gunsberg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

Holz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

hour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

kest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

New

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

nextnounUS /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

oppressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

outstretched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

overwork

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

palate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

pressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

prickly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

restnounUS /rest/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

Robin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

sit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

soul

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

Thank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thank God that so hath blessed thee, And sit down, Robin, and rest thee.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

THOMAS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --THOMAS TUSSER.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

tonguenounUS /tongue/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

TUSSER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --THOMAS TUSSER.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

warning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It came without warning, at the very hour his hand was outstretched to crumple the Holz and Gunsberg Combine.

wondering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.

wrest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My friend, if cause doth wrest thee, Ere folly hath much oppressed thee, Far from acquaintance kest thee Where country may digest thee...

York

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New York doctors called it overwork, and he lay in a darkened room, one ankle crossed above the other, tongue pressed into palate, wondering whether the next brain-surge of prickly fires would drive his soul from all anchorages.