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Achilles
Achilles

Chapter XV · Hector and Achilles—Hector’s Death

Cover illustration for Achilles
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.
All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.
His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.
Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.
At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Achilles

Chapter XV · Hector and Achilles—Hector’s Death

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.
Line 2
All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.
Line 3
His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.
Line 4
Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.
Line 5
At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Alone noun US /alone/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.”

Come noun US /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.”

Either determiner US /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading “All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.”

Except preposition US /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading “All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.”

Free adjective US /friː/

acting without enough restraint or discipline

From this reading “All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.”

Looked noun US /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.”

Outside noun US /ˈoutside/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.”

Returned noun US /ˈreturned/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.”

Seeing noun US /seeing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.”

Within preposition US /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading “All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

Achaians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

Achilles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

Agenor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.

All

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

alonenounUS /alone/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

awaiting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

beat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

believed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

breast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

close

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

combat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

comenounUS /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

consternation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

dread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

enemy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

father

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

fatherland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

freeadjectiveUS /friː/

acting without enough restraint or discipline

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

give

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

gloomily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

Hector

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

honor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

inside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

lance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

lookednounUS /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

meet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

outsidenounUS /ˈoutside/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

owed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

Priam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

pursuit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

resolved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

returnednounUS /ˈreturned/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.

seeing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

shields

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

shoulder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Achilles returned from his pursuit of Agenor, his lance on his shoulder.

shoulders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

sight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

signalled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

slung

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

son

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

trembled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.

Trojans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

Troy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

vain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

wall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His old father looked gloomily down from the wall and signalled for him to come inside, but in vain.

walls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Achaians, their shields slung over their shoulders, were awaiting Achilles close under the walls of Troy.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading All the Trojans were within the city except Hector, who had remained outside, resolved to meet Achilles once more in combat; for he believed that he owed it to his fatherland and to his own honor, either to free his people from this dread enemy or to give up his own life for them.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading At the sight old Priam beat his breast in consternation and he trembled, seeing his son without and alone.