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Achilles
Achilles

Chapter III · Meeting of the Armies—Menelaus and Paris—Agamemnon Leads the Greeks into Battle

Cover illustration for Achilles
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.
He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.
Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.
In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.
Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Achilles

Chapter III · Meeting of the Armies—Menelaus and Paris—Agamemnon Leads the Greeks into Battle

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.
Line 2
He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.
Line 3
Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.
Line 4
In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.
Line 5
Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Amongst preposition US /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading “In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.”

Brought noun US /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.”

Council noun US /council/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.”

Open verb US /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading “Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.”

Strength noun US /ˈstrength/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

Achaians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

also

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

appearing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

approaching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

assemble

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

battle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

broke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

brothers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

broughtnounUS /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

chief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

connection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

councilnounUS /council/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

courage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

distinguished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

gates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

going

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

Greeks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

Hastily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

Hector

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

heroes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

heroic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

holding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

incalculable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

invincible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

Iris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

joined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

Jupiter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

lines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

Masses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

meet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

messenger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

midst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

news

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

nobles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

number

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

palace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

Polites

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

poured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

Priam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

Priam's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

ranged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

reach

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

ready

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

royal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

several

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

shape

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

son

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

strengthnounUS /ˈstrength/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Masses of men now poured out of the open city gates and ranged themselves in long lines of battle.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

towers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

Trojan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

wall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the council broke up, each chief going to assemble his people, that they might be ready to meet the Greeks before they should reach the city wall.

war

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

watch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came from one of the watch towers and brought the news that an incalculable number of Achaians was approaching.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The Trojan nobles were holding a council of war before the palace when Iris, a messenger from Jupiter, appearing in the shape of Priam’s son Polites, joined them.

Æneas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their midst were many heroes, but distinguished amongst them all for invincible strength and heroic courage were Hector, son of Priam, several of his brothers, and also Æneas, a connection of the royal house.