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A Tramp Abroad — Volume 02
A Tramp Abroad — Volume 02

Chapter I

Cover illustration for A Tramp Abroad — Volume 02
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.
Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.
M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.
This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.
And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Tramp Abroad — Volume 02

Chapter I

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.
Line 2
Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.
Line 3
M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.
Line 4
This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.
Line 5
And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.”

Because conjunction US /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.”

Open verb US /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading “Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.”

Ought modal verb US /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading “This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.”

Sure noun US /sure/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.”

Unless conjunction US /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading “M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

affords

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

air

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

also

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

best

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

Cassagnac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

catch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

certain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

cold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

combatants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

comfortable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

confirmed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

damps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

dangerous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

de

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

draughts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

duel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

dueling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

duelists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

endanger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

eventually

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

exercise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

expressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

fifteen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

fighting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

foolish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

forms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

fought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

French

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

goes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

habit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

health-giving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

immoral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

institutions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

intrude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

invalid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

inveterate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

M

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

maintaining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

moderate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

modern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

monarchs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

Much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

nearly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

often

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

open-air

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

opinion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

Paris

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From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

Paul

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From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

physician

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

reality

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From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

recreations

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From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

ridiculed

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From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

smart

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From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

socialist-hated

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From this reading And it ought also to moderate that foolish talk about French duelists and socialist-hated monarchs being the only people who are immoral.

stubborn

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From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

suffered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

surenounUS /sure/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

talk

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From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Much as the modern French duel is ridiculed by certain smart people, it is in reality one of the most dangerous institutions of our day.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Since it is always fought in the open air, the combatants are nearly sure to catch cold.

twenty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading This ought to moderate the talk of those people who are so stubborn in maintaining that the French duel is the most health-giving of recreations because of the open-air exercise it affords.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. Paul de Cassagnac, the most inveterate of the French duelists, had suffered so often in this way that he is at last a confirmed invalid; and the best physician in Paris has expressed the opinion that if he goes on dueling for fifteen or twenty years more--unless he forms the habit of fighting in a comfortable room where damps and draughts cannot intrude--he will eventually endanger his life.