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A Struggle for Rome, V. 2
A Struggle for Rome, V. 2

Chapter XXI

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, V. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.
It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.
The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.
A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.
This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, V. 2

Chapter XXI

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.
Line 2
It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.
Line 3
The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.
Line 4
A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.
Line 5
This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Above preposition US /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.”

Afternoon noun US /ˈafternoon/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.”

Foot noun US /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.”

John noun US /john/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.”

Order noun US /order/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.”

Passage noun US /ˈpassage/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

afternoonnounUS /ˈafternoon/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

Apennines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

apostles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

arched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

Asisum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

background

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

built

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

Byzantine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

chapel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

Church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

cloister

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

consisted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

convent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

cool

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

dark

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

daughter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

decorated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

enclosed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

especially

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

Eugubium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

favourite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

footnounUS /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

frescoes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

garden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

golden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

Gospel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

grave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

green

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

John

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

late

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

light

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

mosaics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

neighbourhood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

northeast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

ordernounUS /order/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

ornamentation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

passagenounUS /ˈpassage/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

peaceful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

Perusia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

Petra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

pictures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

precipice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

quadrangle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

quiet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

ran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

red

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

release

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

Revelations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

rocky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

round

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

sacred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

service

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

shone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

shrubberies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

sides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

situated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

south

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

statues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

stone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

style

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

symbolic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

Taginae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

Valerius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

writings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.