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A Second Home
A Second Home

Chapter VI

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.
Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.
And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.
The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.
Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Second Home

Chapter VI

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.
Line 2
Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.
Line 3
And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.
Line 4
The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.
Line 5
Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.”

Between preposition US /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading “The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.”

Complete noun US /complete/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.”

Formidable adjective US /ˈfɔːrmɪdəbəl/

very difficult to deal with or overcome

From this reading “Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.”

Found noun US /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.”

Herself pronoun US /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.”

Same noun US /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.”

Violent noun US /ˈviolent/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.”

Worthy adjective US /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading “The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1806

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

1825

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

affection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

altered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

army

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

backed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

bear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

choice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

completenounUS /complete/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

condemned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

connection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

consolation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

crushed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

de

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

dowagers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

dreaded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

EvennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

events

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

exactly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

fifteen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

finding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmɪdəbəl/

very difficult to deal with or overcome

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

foundnounUS /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

gave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

Granville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

grief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

happy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

hope

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

household

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

husband's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

improving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

intimacy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

isolation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

justification

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

losing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

Madame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

measures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

melancholy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

misery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

record

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

rise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

Thus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

toil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

tyranny

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

violentnounUS /ˈviolent/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thus Granville had no choice but to live in complete isolation; but, crushed under the tyranny of misery, he could not himself bear to see how altered he was by grief and toil.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Madame de Granville was exactly the same after losing her husband’s affection as she had been during the time when she called herself happy.

whole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

wife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

wished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

women

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And he dreaded any connection or intimacy with women of the world, having no hope of finding any consolation.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Even if he had wished to take violent measures, he could have found no justification; his wife, backed by a formidable army of dowagers, would have had him condemned by the whole world.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The improving history of this melancholy household gave rise to no events worthy of record during the fifteen years between 1806 and 1825.