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A boys' life of Booker T. Washington
A boys' life of Booker T. Washington

Chapter XIII · Political Experiences

Cover illustration for A boys' life of Booker T. Washington
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.
Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.
Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.
Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.
This he absolutely refused to do.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A boys' life of Booker T. Washington

Chapter XIII · Political Experiences

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.
Line 2
Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.
Line 3
Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.
Line 4
Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.
Line 5
This he absolutely refused to do.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.”

Everybody pronoun US /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading “Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

absolutely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This he absolutely refused to do.

accept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

appointment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

Bruce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

Civil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

Congressmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

countries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

county

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

diplomatic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading This he absolutely refused to do.

dozen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

Elliott

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

entered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

EverybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

expected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

foreign

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

gained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

Gibbs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

Greener

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

held

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

high

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

influence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

just

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

kind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

kinds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

Langston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

Lynch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

Most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

multitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

negroes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

office

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

offices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

officials

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

Pinchback

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

political

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

politics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

position

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

President

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

prominence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

race

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

refused

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

Revels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

run

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

Senators

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

sent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

service

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

Smalls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

State

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

States

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

steadfastly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This he absolutely refused to do.

TimenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

United

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

urged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

various

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bruce and Revels had been United States Senators; Elliott and Smalls and a dozen others had been Congressmen; Pinchback, Lynch, Langston, Gibbs, and Greener had been sent for diplomatic service to foreign countries, and others had held high State offices; and a multitude of negroes had been county and city officials of various kinds.

War

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

Washington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody expected Washington to accept some kind of political position, but he steadfastly refused.

white

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Time after time, men of his own race and white men urged him to run for office, or accept an appointment by the President to high office.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the negroes who gained any prominence or influence in the years just after the Civil War entered politics.