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Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
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A Book of American Explorers
A Book of American Explorers

Chapter I

Cover illustration for A Book of American Explorers
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
│ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.
│ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.
Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.
These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Book of American Explorers

Chapter I

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Line 2
│ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.
Line 3
│ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.
Line 4
Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.
Line 5
These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “│ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “│ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a”

Unless conjunction US /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading “These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a”

All words in this reading · 44

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

become

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

caps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

characteristics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

Characters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

following

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

hyphenation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

inconsistent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.

indicated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a

Italic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.

multiple

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.

Non-printable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.

period

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

replaced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

small

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Characters in small caps have been replaced by all caps.

spelling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

standardized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

text

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

transliteration

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

unchanged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a

variations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Words may have │ │ multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in │ │ the text.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These have been left unchanged unless indicated │ │ with a

words

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.

written

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading │ │ │ │ Non-printable characteristics have been given the following │ │ transliteration: │ │ Italic text: --> _text_ │ │ │ │ This book was written in a period when many words had │ │ not become standardized in their spelling.